引用文本：张一宁, 王宏伟. 低位直肠癌新辅助治疗研究进展[J/CD]. 消化肿瘤杂志（电子版）, 2025, 17(4): 532-537.

作者：张一宁1，王宏伟2

单位：1. 内蒙古医科大学第一临床医学院，内蒙古自治区 呼和浩特 010010；2. 内蒙古医科大学附属医院放射肿瘤科，内蒙古自治区 呼和浩特 010010

Authors：Zhang Yining1, Wang Hongwei2

Unit：1. The First Clinical Medical College of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China；2. Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China

摘要：

低位直肠癌的治疗策略近年来经历了显著变革，从传统的根治性手术逐步转向器官保留策略。新辅助治疗的应用提高了肿瘤退缩率，使部分患者达到临床完全缓解，从而可能避免手术。本文对低位直肠癌新辅助治疗的最新进展进行总结，包括全程新辅助治疗、新辅助治疗联合经肛门内镜显微手术、临床完全缓解与观察等待策略及新辅助治疗联合手术后的器官功能保护措施，探讨其在提高患者生存率、保留器官功能和改善患者生活质量方面的优势与挑战。

关键词：低位直肠癌；新辅助放化疗；全程新辅助治疗；经肛门内镜显微手术；观察等待策略

Abstract：

The treatment strategy for low rectal cancer has undergone significant transformations in recent years, shifting from traditional radical surgery toward organ preservation approaches. The application of neoadjuvant therapy has improved tumor regression rates, enabling some patients to achieve clinical complete response and potentially avoid surgery. This article summarizes the latest advances in neoadjuvant therapy for low rectal cancer, including total neoadjuvant therapy, neoadjuvant therapy combined with transanal endoscopic microsurgery, clinical complete response and the watch-and-wait strategy, as well as organ function preservation measures following neoadjuvant therapy combined with surgery. It explores the advantages and challenges of these approaches in enhancing patient survival, preserving organ function, and improving quality of life of patients.

Key words：Low rectal cancer; Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy; Total neoadjuvant therapy; Transanal endoscopic microsurgery; Watch-and-wait strategy

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