引用文本：邹宝华, 丛明华. 肿瘤专科“七无病房”建设[J/CD]. 消化肿瘤杂志（电子版）, 2025, 17(2):161-167.

作者：邹宝华，丛明华

单位：国家癌症中心/中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院 综合科，北京 100021

Authors：Zou Baohua, Cong Minghua

Unit：Department of Comprehensive Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China

摘要：

肿瘤专科“七无病房”中的“七无”是指“无营养不良（无饿）、无癌性疼痛（无痛）、无肿瘤相关静脉血栓栓塞症（无栓）、无化疗相关性恶心呕吐（无呕）、无化疗相关性中性粒细胞减少症（无粒缺）、无抑郁焦虑（无忧）、无便秘”。基于肿瘤精准医疗的深入研究及临床实践的推进，晚期肿瘤患者生存期逐渐延长，其治疗逐渐趋于“慢病化”管理。落实全生命周期、全人的管理理念将对肿瘤患者的生存时间和生活质量产生重要影响。基于全生命周期、全人、全程的长程管理理念，提出肿瘤患者临床上发病率最高的7类相关症状：营养不良（水肿）、癌性疼痛、肿瘤相关血栓形成、化疗相关性恶心呕吐、化疗后中性粒细胞减少、焦虑抑郁、严重便秘，以“治未病”理念进行全面筛查及详细评估，早期识别、早期干预、提前预防、对高危患者人群重点管理、专人管理、全程管理，提高相关症状的控制率，让患者在整个抗肿瘤治疗过程中，尽可能舒适、尽可能减少并发症发生、尽可能按计划顺利完成治疗，尽可能提高生活质量、尽可能延长生存时间。肿瘤专科“七无病房”建设需要重点落实“七无病房”的理念制度化、标准化、流程化、系统化。具体实施细则：分为筛查、评估、预防、治疗、随访5个环节。达成目的：让所有患者（住院+门诊+院外管理）在肿瘤全程治疗中（抗肿瘤前期的准备阶段+抗肿瘤治疗中+抗肿瘤治疗后的康复阶段）更舒适、更少并发症的状态下顺利接受化疗、放疗、免疫治疗等抗肿瘤治疗。

关键词：七无病房；营养不良；癌性疼痛；筛查；评估；随访

Abstract：

The "seven-free ward" refers to being free from malnutrition,  cancer pain, cancer-associated thrombosis, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, depression or anxiety, and constipation. With the in-depth research on precision oncology and the advancement of clinical practice, the survival period of patients with advanced tumors has been gradually extended, and the treatment of patients with advanced tumors is gradually moving towards “chronic disease-like” management. Implementing the management concept of the whole life cycle and the whole person will have a significant impact on the survival time and quality of life of tumor patients. Based on the long-term management concept of the whole life cycle, the whole person, and the whole process, this paper proposes seven types of related symptoms with the highest clinical incidence among tumor patients: malnutrition (edema), cancer pain, cancer-associated thrombosis, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, neutropenia after chemotherapy, anxiety and depression, and severe constipation. By adopting the concept of “preventive treatment of disease”, conducting comprehensive screening and detailed evaluation, early identification, early intervention, advance prevention, focusing on the management of high-risk patient groups, appointing dedicated personnel for management, and implementing whole-process management, we can improve the control rate of related symptoms. This enables patients to be as comfortable as possible during the entire anti-tumor treatment process, minimize the occurrence of complications, complete the treatment as planned as much as possible, improve the quality of life to the greatest extent possible, and extend the survival time as much as possible. The construction of the “seven-free ward” in the oncology department requires a key focus on institutionalizing, standardizing, streamlining, and systematizing the concept of the “seven-free ward”. Specific implementation rules are divided into five links: screening, assessment, prevention, treatment, and follow-up. Achieved goals: Enable all patients (in-hospital, outpatient, and out-of-hospital managed) to smoothly receive anti-tumor treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy in a more comfortable state with fewer complications during the whole-process of cancer treatment (pre-anti-tumor preparation stage, anti-tumor treatment stage, and post-anti-tumor treatment rehabilitation stage).

Key words：Seven-free ward; Malnutrition; Cancer-related pain; Screening; Assessment; Follow-up

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